Soil moisture - Frequency domain (SMT100)

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Parameter to be measured:

Soil moisture, permittivity, soil temperature

Method:

combination of Frequency Domain Reflectometry and Time domain Reflectometry

Equipment:

  • SMT-100-sensor (TRUEBNER Instruments) with customizable cable length

Advantages:

  • "quasi-TDR" method supposedly yields better results in clay soils
  • Low cost
  • Easy to install
  • compatible with many loggers (RS485, SDI-12 or analogue protocol)

Disadvantages:

  • Soil specific calibration required for highest accuracy (common with other capacitance-based devices)

What to watch out for:

  • good contact between probe and medium required
  • coarse soil may require extra tool for penetrating the soil before installing the sensor
  • starting from an initial internal resistance of approx. 60 kOhms, we observed a very heterogenous deterioration of sensors. After 5 years of use, some of them had not changed, but most of them showed a much lower internal resistance , down to a few kOhms only in standby-mode). All sensors still produced reasonable values, but the increased current drained our batteries or even made the voltage drop. Our solution was to switch them off during measurements with a relay-like MOSFET-circuit.
  • for SDI-12 version, when the ground cable of a single sensor is damaged, it may put higher voltage on the data cable, preventing all other sensors to communicate

Price:

SDI-variant: 200 € (2021, Germany)

Links

Manufacturer:

Projects that used the above equipment: